GEOLOGICAL HAZARD

Earthquake

1. What is an Earthquake?An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.2.What are the different types of Earthquake? 
   Tectonic Earthquake-occur when rocks in the earth's crust break due to geological forces created by movement of tectonic plates.
   Volcanic Earthquake-occur in conjunction with volcanic activity.
   Landslips- is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rockfalls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.
   
   3. What are the causes of an Earthquake?
   Earthquakes are caused by faulting, a sudden lateral or vertical movement of rock along a rupture (break) surface.
   
   
   4. What are the differences between Focus and Epicenter?
   Focus of an earthquake is the earthquake's underground point of origin or hypocenter (below the center) or refers to the site of an earthquake. Epicenter is directly above the focus, The epicenter is what we feel.
   
   
   5. What is Foreshock and Aftershock?
   A foreshock before the big main earth quake. An aftershock is another earthquake that happens after the main earthquake some times the go on for days even weeks.
   
   6. What is seismograph?
   Seismograph is an instrument used to detect the seismic waves generated by the earthquake.
   
   7. Differentiate Magnitude from Intensity.
   Magnitude is the energy released by the earthquake while Intensity refers to the amount of damage done by the earthquake that affects the humans.
   
   8. What are the differences in Richter Scale and Rossi-Forel Scale?
   The Rossi–Forel scale was one of the first seismic scales to reflect earthquake intensities while the Richter magnitude scale (often shortened to Richter scale) was developed to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during an earthquake.
   
   9. Cite some Precautionary Measures: BEFORE, DURING and AFTER earthquake
   
   Before an earthquake.

• Have a battery powered radio, flash light, and first aid kids in your house
• Make sure every one knows where they are kept
• Don’t keep heavy objects in high shelves

During an earthquake.

• Stay calm if you are indoors, stay out if you are out of buildings. Many injuries occur as people enter or leave the buildings.
• If you are indoors , stand against the a wall near the center of the building, or get under a sturdy table keep some cushion on your head, Stay away from windows and outside doors, if you are in a high rise building stand against a support column.
• If you are in outdoor stay in the open place , keep away from over head electric wires. and bridges,

After an earthquake.

• Check yourself and nearby people for injury, provide first aid,
• Check electric and gas connection,
• Turn on your radio or T.V for emergency instructions, reduce the use of phone lines it may be required for conveying some important messages.
• Stay out of damaged buildings,
• Wear chapels and gloves to protect against shattered glass and debris.